Cryptographic & contract architecture

Every seated player encrypts the 52-card deck with their own commutative key and shuffles it, in turn. Because encryption commutes, nobody can decrypt a card alone — a card is revealed only when the required subset publishes its per-card key share. This removes the dealer entirely: there is no server that ever knows the deck order.

• Deck setup: one shuffle round per player (~5 rounds of small payloads, all off-chain).
• Hole cards: only the receiving player gets the other players' key shares.
• Board cards: all shares published, deck integrity checked against the initial commitment.
• Every shuffle is committed as a hash in the channel state, so a later dispute can replay it on-chain.

Weakness handled: a player leaving mid-hand. The protocol uses threshold key shares (t-of-n Shamir over the card keys), so remaining players can complete the hand and the abandoning seat is auto-folded with its escrowed chips forfeited to the pot.

Full zk-shuffle circuits are still too heavy for real-time tables, so zk is applied surgically: a small zk-SNARK (Groth16 on EVM/Solana, or a Stellar-side Soroban verifier) proves "my claimed 5-card hand is a permutation of my two committed hole cards plus the public board, and its rank equals R" — without revealing cards until the pot needs them. Muck still works: a losing player never reveals their cards, only the proof of a lower rank.

• Prover time target: < 300 ms in-browser (WASM), one proof per showdown participant.
• Proof is verified on-chain only if a settlement is disputed; otherwise verified peer-side.

Check / bet / call / fold are signed messages exchanged directly between seats. Each action increments a monotonic nonce over the channel state (stacks, pot, bets, deck commitment); every participant countersigns. Target action latency is under 80 ms, and gas per action is zero.

• On-chain writes per hand: 0 in the happy path, 1 settlement transaction at hand end.
• Dispute path: any signer can post the latest signed state; a challenge window (e.g. 5 min) lets others post a higher nonce.
• Timeout: unresponsive seat is force-folded after its action clock expires, proven by signed clock ticks.

Buy-ins move from the player's wallet into a per-table escrow contract (Soroban / EVMTableEscrow / Solana PDA vault). The contract can only ever pay out according to a state signed by the table quorum — the platform holds no keys and cannot move funds.

settle(state, signatures):
  require quorum_signed(state)            // no house key involved
  rake        = pot * rakeBps / 10_000    // 200–300 bps
  net         = pot - rake
  transfer(net, state.winner)             // instant, on-chain
  transfer(rake * 33 / 100, referrerOf(state.winner) or treasury)
  distribute(rake * 33 / 100, state.activeSeats)   // rakeback, pro-rata to hands played
  transfer(rake * 34 / 100, omniTreasury)
  assert paid_out == pot                  // exactness invariant

• Integer-safe: the 34% treasury leg absorbs rounding dust so payout always equals the pot.
• Affiliate leg falls back to the treasury when a player has no referrer.
• Rakeback accrues per seat and is claimable in one transaction, or auto-swept at cash-out.

• Networks: Stellar (Soroban), EVM chains, Solana — one escrow implementation per VM, one shared channel message format.
• Transport: encrypted P2P (WebRTC) with a stateless relay fallback; the relay sees only ciphertext.
• Wallets: OmniWallet native, WalletConnect for EVM, wallet-standard adapters for Solana.
• Client: React + TanStack Start; crypto in WASM workers so the felt never blocks.